# CreditBrief > For credit processing associates, analysts, officers and managers at Indian lenders: RBI directions decoded, appraisal how-tos, calculators, Excel templates and pay data. Written for credit professionals: processing associates, executives, analysts, officers, managers and credit heads at Indian lenders. All content is built from public sources such as RBI directions. It contains no lender-internal policy and no borrower data. Full text of all posts: https://creditbrief.in/llms-full.txt ## Posts - [5 Cs of Credit Applied to an Indian MSME File](https://creditbrief.in/posts/5-cs-of-credit.md): Read an Indian MSME file through the 5 Cs: character, capacity, capital, collateral and conditions, with a worked DSCR example and RBI paragraph references. - [ABB in banking: meaning and how it is read](https://creditbrief.in/posts/abb-meaning.md): ABB is average bank balance. Credit teams use it to judge whether an account's usual balance can carry a proposed EMI. - [Bank compliance function directions 2026: a credit team view](https://creditbrief.in/posts/bank-compliance-function-directions-2026.md): RBI's 2026 compliance function directions for commercial banks: who is covered, what the text requires, and where it touches credit teams. - [Bank credit sector mix: how to read it for early warning](https://creditbrief.in/posts/bank-credit-sector-mix.md): Read RBI's sectoral credit data for early warning: compute sector shares, find what drives growth, compare your book, and decide what to review. - [Bank statement analysis for loan: ABB, bounces and EMI to ABB](https://creditbrief.in/posts/bank-statement-analysis-for-loan.md): Bank statement analysis for a loan, step by step: account type first, then ABB, bounces split by cause, EMI to ABB and fit with the stated business. - [Bank statement analysis interview questions with bureau checks](https://creditbrief.in/posts/bank-statement-analysis-interview-questions.md): 25 bank statement analysis interview questions with model answers, covering bureau reports, for unsecured MSME credit roles in India. - [Credit appraisal memorandum format: how to structure a CAM](https://creditbrief.in/posts/credit-appraisal-memorandum-format.md): Section-by-section credit appraisal memorandum format for MSME term loans and LAP, with what good looks like and RBI references for commercial banks. - [Credit bureau early warning: what updates can and cannot show](https://creditbrief.in/posts/credit-bureau-early-warning.md): How to run credit bureau early warning checks for MSME and mid-corporate loans, using RBI's NBFC reporting cycle, and what bureau updates cannot show. - [Credit manager interview questions and answers: first 25](https://creditbrief.in/posts/credit-manager-interview-questions-and-answers.md): 25 credit manager interview questions with answers on financials, bureau, banking and property, tied to RBI's Credit Risk Management Directions, 2025. - [Credit scoring basics: bureau, application, behavioural scores](https://creditbrief.in/posts/credit-scoring-basics.md): Bureau, application and behavioural scores answer different questions at different stages. How each works and how to read them together. - [DPD in a bureau report: meaning](https://creditbrief.in/posts/dpd-meaning.md): DPD means days past due: how many days a payment was late at the time it was reported. A bureau report shows it month by month. - [Drawing power in banking: meaning and calculation](https://creditbrief.in/posts/drawing-power-in-banking.md): Drawing power in banking: the amount a borrower can draw on a working capital limit, based on current assets less margin. Calculation and RBI treatment. - [DSCR explained for underwriters, with a worked example](https://creditbrief.in/posts/dscr-explained.md): How to calculate DSCR, where a good-looking ratio can mislead, and what to check before you trust it. - [DSCR: meaning, full form and formula](https://creditbrief.in/posts/dscr-meaning.md): DSCR is the debt service coverage ratio. It compares the cash a business generates with the interest and principal it must pay. - [Fraud early warning signals under RBI 2026: working an alert](https://creditbrief.in/posts/early-warning-signals-fraud-rbi.md): How commercial banks work an EWS alert to a red-flag decision under RBI's 2026 fraud directions, with the CRILC, show cause and 180-day timelines. - [FOIR: meaning, full form and formula](https://creditbrief.in/posts/foir-meaning.md): FOIR is the fixed obligation to income ratio: the share of monthly income already committed to EMIs and other fixed payments. - [Gold loan LTV RBI norms: caps and collateral rules for NBFCs](https://creditbrief.in/posts/gold-loan-ltv-rbi.md): Gold loan LTV caps under RBI's NBFC Credit Facilities Directions, 2025: 85, 80 or 75 per cent by total consumption loan per borrower. - [HFC provisioning norms: asset classes and rates (2025)](https://creditbrief.in/posts/hfc-provisioning-norms.md): HFC provisioning rates under RBI's 2025 Directions: 0.25% to 2% on standard assets outside Upper Layer, 15% sub-standard, 25% to 100% doubtful, 100% loss. - [NBFC Internal Ombudsman Directions 2026: What Credit Teams Need](https://creditbrief.in/posts/internal-ombudsman-directions-nbfc-2026.md): The RBI's 2026 NBFC Internal Ombudsman Directions: who is covered, the 20-day and 30-day complaint clocks, and what it means for credit teams. - [IRAC norms RBI 2026: which direction applies to whom](https://creditbrief.in/posts/irac-norms-rbi-2026.md): RBI's 2025 IRAC direction covers commercial banks, not small finance, payments or local area banks. What it says on NPAs, provisions and income. - [ISCR and FCCR meaning: interest and fixed charge cover explained](https://creditbrief.in/posts/iscr-and-fccr-meaning.md): ISCR tests whether earnings cover interest. FCCR adds lease rentals and scheduled principal. Formulas and how to read both in Indian appraisal. - [LAP Loan Credit Appraisal: Income, Collateral and End Use](https://creditbrief.in/posts/lap-loan-credit-appraisal.md): How to appraise a LAP file in India: reconcile income, test title and value, trace end use, then size the loan to the weakest of the three. - [MPBF: full form and what it measures](https://creditbrief.in/posts/mpbf-meaning.md): MPBF is maximum permissible bank finance, the working capital limit method from the Tandon Committee's 1975 report. - [MSME credit interview questions: first 25, with model answers](https://creditbrief.in/posts/msme-credit-interview-questions.md): 25 MSME credit interview questions on unsecured business loans, with model answers, made-up worked cases and RBI rules for commercial banks. - [MSME loan underwriting: common errors in unsecured cases](https://creditbrief.in/posts/msme-loan-underwriting.md): A checklist of MSME loan underwriting errors in unsecured cases: cash flow, hidden debt, Udyam classification, collateral limits and RBI timelines. - [NBFC internal audit directions 2026: a guide for credit teams](https://creditbrief.in/posts/nbfc-internal-audit-directions-2026.md): RBI's 2026 internal audit directions for deposit-taking and larger NBFCs and HFCs: scope, key rules and what credit teams should expect. - [NBFC-MFI Directions 2025: key norms and sanction checks](https://creditbrief.in/posts/nbfc-mfi-directions-2025.md): RBI's NBFC-MFI Directions, 2025: minimum 60 percent qualifying assets, 15 percent capital adequacy, 90-day NPA test, provision norms and sanction checks. - [NBFC Responsible Business Conduct Directions for MSME Loans](https://creditbrief.in/posts/nbfc-responsible-business-conduct-directions.md): What RBI's 2025 NBFC Responsible Business Conduct Directions require at sanction and disbursal on MSME and mid corporate loans: KFS, charges, prepayment. - [NBFC securitisation directions: key limits and tests in tables](https://creditbrief.in/posts/nbfc-securitisation-directions.md): RBI's NBFC securitisation directions in tables: retention, the 20 per cent cap, ineligible pools, credit enhancement resets, STC tests and timelines. - [Out of Order Cash Credit Signals: How to Track Them](https://creditbrief.in/posts/out-of-order-cash-credit-signals.md): How to test cash credit accounts against RBI's three out-of-order conditions, count days to 90 and act before NPA classification. - [How to run a portfolio concentration review for early warning](https://creditbrief.in/posts/portfolio-concentration-review.md): How to test borrower, connected-group and sector exposure against limits and headroom, so concentration shows before a limit is breached. - [RBI fraud risk management directions for NBFCs, 2026: decoded](https://creditbrief.in/posts/rbi-fraud-risk-management-directions-nbfc.md): The RBI fraud risk management directions for NBFCs, 2026, decoded: coverage, 21-day notice, 14-day FMR deadline, EWS duties, five-year debarment. - [RBI MSME lending norms: what the Master Direction asks of banks](https://creditbrief.in/posts/rbi-msme-lending-norms.md): RBI MSME lending norms for scheduled commercial banks: collateral, credit decision timelines, composite loans and monitoring, as updated February 2026. - [25 RBI norms interview questions for credit roles, answered](https://creditbrief.in/posts/rbi-norms-interview-questions-credit.md): 25 RBI norms interview questions for bank credit roles, with answers from the Credit Risk Management Directions, 2025, updated as on October 01, 2026. - [RBI standardised approach credit risk 2026: underwriter guide](https://creditbrief.in/posts/rbi-standardised-approach-credit-risk-2026.md): RBI's 2026 Directions set credit risk weights for commercial banks from April 1, 2027. What they mean for MSME, home and personal loan underwriters. - [Site visit report for loan: how to write one well](https://creditbrief.in/posts/site-visit-report-for-loan.md): Site visit report for loan: separate what you saw from what you were told, test the file, and show what changes the credit decision. - [SMA early warning signals: how to read movement on your book](https://creditbrief.in/posts/sma-early-warning-signals.md): Read SMA movement as an early warning: build a month-end transition table, track roll and cure rates, and escalate on direction, not the SMA total. - [Stock statement drawing power: how to read and work it out](https://creditbrief.in/posts/stock-statement-drawing-power.md): Test a stock statement line by line, strip out ineligible assets, work out drawing power and spot when a cash credit account turns irregular. ## Tools and templates - [DSCR, ISCR and FCCR calculator](https://creditbrief.in/tools/dscr): Enter one year of figures to work out debt service, interest and fixed charge cover, with the formulas shown. - [FOIR and EMI eligibility calculator](https://creditbrief.in/tools/foir): Work out current FOIR, the EMI room left at a given FOIR, and the loan that EMI can carry. - [EMI, amortisation and prepayment calculator](https://creditbrief.in/tools/emi): Work out the EMI, total interest and yearly schedule, and see what an extra monthly payment saves. - [Working capital calculator: MPBF, turnover and cash budget](https://creditbrief.in/tools/mpbf): Compare the Tandon MPBF methods, a turnover-based limit and the peak deficit from a cash budget. - [Financial ratio pack](https://creditbrief.in/tools/ratios): Enter P&L and balance sheet figures to get liquidity, leverage, coverage, turnover and DuPont ratios. - [Break-even and margin of safety calculator](https://creditbrief.in/tools/breakeven): Work out break-even units and sales, and how far expected volume sits above break-even. - [Average bank balance calculator](https://creditbrief.in/tools/abb): Paste balances to get the average, the low and high, and how the proposed EMI compares. Use made-up figures only. - [Job description to CV match](https://creditbrief.in/tools/jd-cv-match): Paste a credit job description and your CV to see which credit skills the job asks for and which your CV leaves out. - [CMA data template in Excel](https://creditbrief.in/downloads/cma-data-template): A six-form CMA data layout with working formulas, from the operating statement to MPBF and fund flow. - [Term loan DSCR workbook](https://creditbrief.in/downloads/dscr-workbook): Five years of DSCR, base and stressed, on open formulas. Change the inputs and see which year breaks. - [Working capital workbook](https://creditbrief.in/downloads/working-capital-workbook): Compare Tandon MPBF methods, a turnover-based limit and a 12-month cash budget on one set of figures. - [Financial ratio workbook](https://creditbrief.in/downloads/ratio-workbook): Three years of liquidity, leverage, coverage, turnover and DuPont ratios from P&L and balance sheet inputs. - [Bank statement analysis worksheet](https://creditbrief.in/downloads/bank-statement-worksheet): Twelve months of sample-date balances, ABB, EMI to ABB, credits and bounce counts. - [FOIR and EMI workbook](https://creditbrief.in/downloads/foir-emi-workbook): Current FOIR, EMI room, loan eligibility and a monthly repayment schedule for up to 120 months. - [CreditBrief Insights](https://creditbrief.in/insights): Lenders' figures read from their own filings, each checked against its source page, with findings on growth and rank. - [Loan books by lender](https://creditbrief.in/loan-books): Loan books of Indian banks, NBFCs and housing finance companies at the end of FY2025-26, with segments. - [Lenders](https://creditbrief.in/lenders): A profile for each lender: loan book, segments, five-year figures and peers. - [State Bank of India (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/sbi.md): Loan book ₹49.33 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Bank of Baroda (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/bob.md): Loan book ₹14.30 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Punjab National Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/pnb.md): Loan book ₹12.59 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Canara Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/canara.md): Loan book ₹12.38 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Union Bank of India (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/union.md): Loan book ₹10.79 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Bank of India (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/boi.md): Loan book ₹7.71 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Central Bank of India (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/central.md): Loan book ₹3.45 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Indian Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/indian.md): Loan book ₹6.67 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [UCO Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/uco.md): Loan book ₹2.63 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Indian Overseas Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/iob.md): Loan book ₹3.10 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Bank of Maharashtra (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/bom.md): Loan book ₹2.92 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Punjab & Sind Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/psb.md): Loan book ₹1.18 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [HDFC Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/hdfc.md): Loan book ₹29.60 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [ICICI Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/icici.md): Loan book ₹15.54 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Axis Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/axis.md): Loan book ₹12.34 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Kotak Mahindra Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/kotak.md): Loan book ₹5.14 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [IndusInd Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/indusind.md): Loan book ₹3.16 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Yes Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/yes.md): Loan book ₹2.73 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [IDFC First Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/idfcfirst.md): Loan book ₹2.90 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Federal Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/federal.md): Loan book ₹2.65 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [RBL Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/rbl.md): Loan book ₹1.14 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Bandhan Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/bandhan.md): Loan book ₹1.54 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [IDBI Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/idbi.md): Loan book ₹2.59 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [CSB Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/csb.md): Loan book ₹40,359 crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Karur Vysya Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/kvb.md): Loan book ₹98,754 crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [South Indian Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/sib.md): Loan book ₹1.00 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [City Union Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/cub.md): Loan book ₹66,699 crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [DCB Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/dcb.md): Loan book ₹60,022 crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [AU Small Finance Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/au.md): Loan book ₹1.36 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Equitas Small Finance Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/equitas.md): Loan book ₹46,165 crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Ujjivan Small Finance Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/ujjivan.md): Loan book ₹40,655 crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Jana Small Finance Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/jana.md): Loan book ₹36,289 crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [ESAF Small Finance Bank (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/esaf.md): Loan book ₹22,426 crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Bajaj Finance (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/bajajfin.md): Loan book ₹5.10 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Tata Capital (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/tatacap.md): Loan book ₹2.77 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Shriram Finance (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/shriram.md): Loan book ₹3.02 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [L&T Finance (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/ltfin.md): Loan book ₹1.22 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Mahindra Finance (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/mahindrafin.md): Loan book ₹1.34 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Aditya Birla Capital (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/abcap.md): Loan book ₹1.60 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Poonawalla Fincorp (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/poonawalla.md): Loan book ₹60,348 crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Hero FinCorp (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/herofin.md): Loan book ₹51,248 crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Muthoot Finance (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/muthoot.md): Loan book ₹1.63 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Manappuram Finance (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/manappuram.md): Loan book ₹63,798 crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Cholamandalam Investment and Finance (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/chola.md): Loan book ₹2.24 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Sundaram Finance (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/sundaram.md): Loan book ₹59,908 crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [IIFL Finance (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/iifl.md): Loan book ₹1.08 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [LIC Housing Finance (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/lichfl.md): Loan book ₹3.21 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [PNB Housing Finance (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/pnbhf.md): Loan book ₹90,921 crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Aadhar Housing Finance (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/aadhar.md): Loan book ₹30,571 crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Can Fin Homes (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/canfin.md): Loan book ₹42,209 crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Bajaj Housing Finance (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/bajajhf.md): Loan book ₹1.41 lakh crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Home First Finance Company (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/homefirst.md): Loan book ₹15,878 crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources. - [Aavas Financiers (Markdown)](https://creditbrief.in/lenders/aavas.md): Loan book ₹23,452 crore at the end of FY2025-26; figures by year with sources.